- Home >
- Patient Center >
- Patient Education >
- Foot and Ankle
Foot and Ankle
Your foot is made up of 26 bones. Your ankle joint is formed by your ankle bone, known as your talus, and the end of your two lower leg bones, known as your tibia and fibula. Your ankle joint is stabilized and supported by three groups of ligaments. The foot and ankle move with help of muscles and tendons, including the Achilles tendon.
Common Foot and Ankle Injuries
According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), the most common foot and ankle injuries include:
- Ankle Sprains
- Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in sports. Because your inner ankle is more stable than your outer ankle, during a fall, tackle or jump the foot is likely to turn inward - known as an ankle inversion - stretching or tearing ligaments. The result is an ankle sprain. The lateral ligament, located on the outer ankle, is most prone to injury.
- Achilles Tendon Injury
- The Achilles tendon, your body's strongest and thickest tendon, connects muscles in the lower leg with the heel bone. Sports such as basketball, running and high jumping that tighten the calf muscles can overstress your Achilles tendon and cause a strain - known as Achilles tendonitis - or a rupture. A direct blow to the foot, ankle, or calf can also injure your Achilles tendon.
- Overuse Injuries
- Excessive training such as running long distances without rest places repeated stress on the foot and ankle, increasing the potential for stress fractures and muscle/tendon strains.
- Shin Splints
- Pain in front of your shin bone, or tibia, is usually caused by a stress fracture, commonly known as shin splints. Athletes are at risk of this injury when they overtrain, wear poorly fitting athletic shoes, or change from soft to hard running surfaces.
Prevention
The AAOS offers the following tips to help reduce your risk of foot and ankle injuries:
- Warm up before any sports activity, including practices
- Participate in a conditioning program to build muscle strength
- Do stretching exercises daily
- Listen to your body: never run if you experience pain in the foot or ankle
- Wear protective equipment appropriate for that sport
- Replace athletic shoes as soon as the tread or heel wears out
- Wear properly fitting athletic, dress, and casual shoes
Foot and Ankle Resources
Broken Bones and Injury
- Ankle Fractures
- Heel Fractures
- Lisfranc (Midfoot) Fracture
- Shinbone Fractures
- Stress Fractures of the Foot and Ankle
- Talus Fractures
- Toe and Forefoot Fractures
Sprains, Strains and Other Injuries
Diseases and Syndromes
Foot
- Adult (Acquired) Flatfoot
- Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle
- Clubfoot
- Diabetic Foot
- Flexible Flatfoot in Children
- Plantar Fasciitis
- Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
- Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle
- Sesamoiditis
Ankle
- Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle
- Chronic Lateral Ankle Pain
- Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle
Heel
Toes
- Bunions
- Claw Toe
- Corns
- Hammer Toe
- Ingrown Toenail
- Intoeing
- Morton's Neuroma
- Stiff Big Toe (Hallux Rigidus)
Treatment and Rehabilitation
Prevention and Safety
- Athletic Shoes
- Footwear and Falls
- Footwear Guide
- Shoes: Finding the Right Fit
- If the Shoe Fits, Wear It
Additional Resources
The Foot and Ankle Institute of Baylor College of Medicine
The Foot and Ankle Institute of Baylor College of Medicine is a well-established foot and ankle center offering specially trained physicians, a wide variety of programs for foot and ankle care, an d a friendly environment.
As Baylor College of Medicine faculty members, our physicians not only provide expert clinical and surgical care, they also serve as researchers and educators for one of the nation's leading medical schools. As a result, they offer firsthand knowledge of the latest advancements in orthopedic surgery, and the ability to translate those advancements into better treatment for foot and ankle injuries and disorders.
Appointments
713.986.6016


